篇一：结构习题
习题结构
找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。 1 Tom is a student. 2 He is fat.3 I am tired . 4 We are students. 5 The bag was lost . 6 The boy was foolish . 7 They were kind. 8 She is in the room. 9 The books are on the desk. 10 Snow is white.
11 Kate was here yesterday.
12 My father became a teacher in 1978. 13 The weather gets hot in summer. 14 She looks beautiful. 15 The flower smells good. 16 We were very happy. 17 You are right.
18 The soup tastes delicious. 19 The chair is yours. 20 The children are asleep. 21 The story is interesting. 22 He feels better today. 23 The leaf turns green.24 I stayed awake all the night.
25 The weather still remained cold in April. 26 The little girl is six.
27 My work is to look after the baby. 28 His job is taking care of the patient. 29 The girl is very pretty. 30 He went mad. 31 Please don’t get angry.
32 The weather is getting colder and colder. 33 You look angry. 34 She looks like her mother.
35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter? 36 Those roses smell beautiful.37 This tastes nice. What’s in it? 38 Do you feel happy? 39 He remained silent.
40 The weather is going to stay fine. 41 M y job is teaching English．
42 She is at home． 43 I feel terrible．
44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 45 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
46 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 47 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 48 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
49 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 50 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。
51 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 52 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。 53 He becomes a teacher .．他当了教师。 54 He looks well.他面色好。 55 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 56 I feel good.我感觉好。
57 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。 58 He became a teacher at last.59 His face turned red. 60
Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher? 他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？
一 判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等）1 He arrived yesterday. 2 The boy is crying loudly.3 She died in 2000.
4 The man disappeared in the street. 5 I like music.
6 She wanted some help7 I slept well last night. 8 Iom built a house last year.
9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday 10 .Tom often swims in the river11 .My sister works in that factory. 12 .The sun is rising. 13 .They know him.
14 .He enjoys listening to music. 15 .My watch has stopped. 16 .It is snowing hard.
17 .My grandma coughed all night. 18 .She was cooking.
19 .I found a box under the bed. 20 .Kate described the picture. 21 .I hate to go there.
22 .He remembered telling you. 23 .His aunt will come. 24 .The farmer works very hard. 25 .The flowers need watering.
26 .We usually watch TV on Saturday evening. 27 .She has cleaned the room. 28 .He liked collecting stamps.
29 .Both of them work in the school library. 30 .Kate is running fast. 31 .The ship moves slowly 32 .He wanted two boxes watches. 33 .I read every book in the school library. 34 .You can understand me. 35 .We can watch TV.
36 .The children are reading carefully. 37 .Mr. Smith speaks very fast. 38 .The train has arrived. 39 .They won’t come today. 40 .You mustn’t talk loud 41 .You will close the door.
42 .She decided to wait.
43 .I met one of my friends in Beijing. 44 .He passed the exam last year. 45 .China has a large population. 46 .He knows a little English. 47 .I have received your letter.
48 .The students answered the questions. 49 .He is beginning a new life. 50 .He learned to ride a bike yesterday. 51 .Have you finished writing? 52 .I suggest trying it once more. 53 .I want to go to college. 54 .She often dances in the park. 55 .Kate often studies at school at night. 1、 He will come tomorrow.(他明天来)2、 He is working now 。（他正在工作）.3、 He works at this factory .(他在这个工厂工作)4、He often swims in the river.(他经常在河里面游泳) 5、Tom is always late for school.（汤坶经常上学迟到） 6、I have never been to Shanghai.(我从没去过上海) 7、My Chinese is very good . (我的汉语非常好) 8、He runs quite fast. (他跑的相当快) 9、He works hard。 （他努力工作） 10、It is too hot . (天气太热了)
英语句子成分练习
练习一：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the manB. The man here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now ( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet ( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. latelyB. late C. latest D. latter ( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. deadB. diedC. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest. A. We, us B. Us, weC. We, our D. We, we ( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly ( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is ( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looksB. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked ( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army. A. that B. when C. in which D. where
篇二：Unit 1 英语句子的结构基础
Unit 1 英语句子的结构基础
核心概述：在学了一段时间的英语之后，学生已经接触了相当数量的语法知识。然而对于许多同学来说，这些知识只是杂乱地堆积在大脑里，并没有被真正融会贯通。如同吃进一肚子美味，却未必很好地消化，使之转化为个人亟需的营养。要想切实把握并灵活运用所学的语法知识，就必须建立起一个语法框架 ----- 在这个语法框架中，所有的语法现象都可以知道它们最适合的位置，找到它们之间的顺序和亲密关系，找到它们行将发展的轨迹。对于学生而言，这个框架意味着语法的学习有了清晰的逻辑。
我们的目标就是帮助考生构建以五个简单句为基干的体系。由五个简单句开枝散叶，就能延伸出英语世界最复杂的语法现象。回想人类最自然的语言学习过程，谁不是从简单句走来，逐渐丰富完美而成为鸿篇巨制。从简单句出发，是最为坚实、最为有效的学习路径。这就是我们为什么一开篇先来学习五个简单句的原因----- 简单句，绝不简单。
Chapter 1 句型一： S＋V 主语＋谓语
主谓结构是英语中最为简单的结构，同时也表明在英语中要想将词语组成一句话，至少需要具备两个成分 ------ 即主语(Subject)和谓语（动词）(Predicate Verb)。主语是一个句子陈述的对象或者话题，是句子的出发点；谓语是对主语所作的陈述。如果这两个成分缺乏，则不能成为一个句子。定语用于修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征。状语用于修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明行为发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和比较等、通过添加定语和状语，句子可以用来表达更加丰富的内容。
（1） 句子 太阳升起。
S V 我唱歌。
SV 她微笑。
SV
上面几个句子都只有两个成分，即主语和谓语（动词）。
在这类主谓句型中，谓语动词有一些特殊的要求。注意例句中的三个谓语动词：rise是不及物动词，sing既可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词，smiles是不及物动词。由此可见在主谓句型中，谓语动词必须是不及物动词。即使该动词兼作及物动词，在这里也只能把它当做不及物动词使用。
（2） 句子的扩张 SV
↓ SV ?
↓ SV? ?
↓ S V? ??
由这个过程我们可以看出，一个简单的主谓结构是如何一步一步扩张演变为一个复杂的长句：第一句只有主语和谓语两个成分。第二句增加了，从字面上我们可以看出，这个介词短语是表示地点的，即英语中的状语之一 ------ 地点状语。第三句增加了表示时间的，这个介词短语就是时间状语。最后一句，多了个来表示方式。主谓结构句型中的动词可以用状语修饰。由于这些长句依然只有一套主谓结构，因此这些句子还是简单句。、常见的不及物动词（短语）有: come, go, happen, laugh, sleep, stay, swim, work, walk, take place等。
核心练习
请在句子的各个成分上划线并注明成分的名称。
1. He arrived yesterday.
2. She died in 2000.
3. The boy was crying loudly.
4. The man disappeared in the street.
5. I slept well last night.
6. Tom often swims in the river.
7. My sister works in that factory.
8. The sun is rising.
9. My watch has stopped.
10. It is snowing hard.
11. Kate often studies at school at night.
12. My grandma coughed all night.
13. The farmer works very hard.
14. Both of them work in the school library.
15. Kate is running fast.
16. The ship moves slowly.
17. The children are reading carefully.
18. Mr. Smith speaks very fast.
19. They won’t come today.
20. You mustn’t talk loudly.
Chapter 2 句型二： S＋V＋P 主语＋系动词＋表语
表语的定义：表示主语的性质和特征。
主系表结构是英语中第二个基本句型，也是初学者常用的句型，此处的缩写P是表语，即Predictive, 表语表示主语的性质和特征。由于形容词是描述性的，因此表语常常由形容词来充当。
He iscute.
S V P 表明主语的性质
He isfat.
SVP表明主语的特征
ItisS V P表明主语的身份
由上面一系列句子我们可以看出，在be动词后面用形容词和名词作表语，表明主语的性质、特征或者身份。
1． 名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词可以作表语。
1)
介词短语
2) 超人是氪星人。
名词
3) 超人超棒。
形容词
4) 超人25岁了。
数词
5) The superman’
不定式
超人的职责是保卫地球。
6) The superman’ 动名词
2. 主系表结构中的谓语动词
1) 她是一位漂亮的女孩。
2) 地震发生时你应当保持冷静。
3) 北京烤鸭尝起来味道不错。
4) 秋天树叶变黄。
5) 这个坏鸡蛋味道很难闻。
注意：在主系表结构中，并不是所有动词都可以直接接形容词作表语。上面的一系列动词在英语中叫做连系动词（Linking Verb）, 只有连系动词才可以直接接形容词作表语。
连系动词主要有以下两类：
核心练习
请在句子的各个成分上划线并注明成分的名称。
1. The story is interesting.
2. He feels better today.
3. His job is taking care of the children.
4. He didn’t get angry.
5. He went mad.
6. The weather is getting colder and colder.
7. Do you feel happy?
8. She is at home.
9. He is older than he looks.
10. He seems interested in the book.
11. I stayed awake all the night.
12. The weather still remained cold in April.
13. My work is to look after the baby.
14. She looks like her mother.
15. Those roses looks smell beautiful.
篇三：英语句子结构
英语句子结构
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句
式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基
本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：
S十V主谓结构
S十V十F主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾
语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾
语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：
1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如：
He runs quickly．
他跑得快。
They listened carefully．
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger．
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out．
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．
我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，
sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，
become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks．
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard．
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice．
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before．
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country．
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down．
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish．
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town．
他们在家乡种水稻。
Hes got a chair to sit on．
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．
请把这个句于泽成英语。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday．
我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily．
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year．
他们去年建了一所房子。
Theyve put up a factory in the village．
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children．
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well．
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，
bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例
如：
He gave me a book/a book to me．
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me．
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me．
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me．
他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money．
他们抢了老人的钱。
Hes warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats．
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak．
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副
词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动
词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而
概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry．
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day．
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out．
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in．
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie．
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out．
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now．
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
①One summer evening Newton（牛顿）sat quietly on a bench in the garden. ②An apple fell
to the ground from a tree. He saw it and thought： ③ “Why did an apple fall?”④He studied very
hard.⑤ Later he found out the reason.
⑥One day Newton sat at his desk.⑦ He was studying very hard. His servant came into the room.
⑧ He left an egg on his desk.⑨ There was a watch on the desk.⑩ Into the boiling water in the
kettle Newton put the watch instead of the egg.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing.
（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.
（动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主
语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It
形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look
it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容
词）
His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall.
( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell
（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open.Now I feel tired.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动
名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said?
（宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.（名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’
t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省
to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired.
（过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next
room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy
boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her
arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、
结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the
meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn
English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you
very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.
